Capítulo 2 · Lección 2.7 · Verbos irregulares
Verbos irregulares en inglés: los pasados más usados
La única excepción real a la fórmula.
Aquí está la honestidad: hay una zona donde la fórmula sí se interrumpe. Los verbos irregulares no usan ‑ed en la afirmación del pasado; tienen su propia forma, que hay que aprender.
La buena noticia: solo la afirmación simple rompe el patrón. En preguntas y negaciones el verbo vuelve a su forma base y la fórmula se restaura. Y muchos de los verbos más usados del inglés están en esta lista.
La regla: Afirmación: I went. Pregunta: Did you go? Negación: I didn't go. En did, el verbo siempre vuelve a base.
La afirmación cambia; la pregunta y la negación no
| Verbo (base) | Afirmación pasada (irregular) | Pregunta / negación (vuelve a base) |
|---|---|---|
| go | I went to school. | Did you go? / I didn't go. |
| see | I saw a movie. | Did you see it? / I didn't see it. |
| eat | She ate breakfast. | Did she eat? / She didn't eat. |
| have | He had coffee. | Did he have coffee? / He didn't have coffee. |
| come | They came late. | Did they come? / They didn't come. |
| buy | I bought shoes. | Did you buy them? / I didn't buy them. |
| take | She took the bus. | Did she take it? / She didn't take it. |
| get | I got an email. | Did you get it? / I didn't get it. |
| make | He made dinner. | Did he make it? / He didn't make it. |
| know | I knew the answer. | Did you know? / I didn't know. |
| think | She thought it was great. | Did she think so? / She didn't think so. |
| tell | He told me a story. | Did he tell you? / He didn't tell me. |
Comprueba antes de seguir
He dinner.
El consuelo de los irregulares
- Afirmación: I WENTIrregular. Hay que memorizarlo.
- Pregunta: Did you GO?Vuelve a la forma base.
- Negación: I didn't GOVuelve a la forma base.
Comprueba antes de seguir
I new shoes.
No hace falta memorizarlos todos de golpe. Aprende unos veinte de los más comunes, usa cada uno en una frase real y verás que los reconoces enseguida. Son menos de los que parece, y los más frecuentes se aprenden rápido.
Ponte a prueba: respuestas sugeridas (intenta antes sin mirar)
- 1. Preguntas en presente, pasado y futuroPresente: Do you eat breakfast? · Pasado: Did you eat breakfast? · Futuro: Will you eat breakfast?
- 2. Negaciones con contracciónI will go → I won't go. · She works here → She doesn't work here. · He went to school → He didn't go to school. · They are coming → They aren't coming (o They're not coming). · I can swim → I can't swim.
- 3. «I changed it» vs. «I DID change it»La primera es neutra. La segunda contradice o confirma («You didn't change it.» → «I DID change it!»): did regresa y el verbo vuelve a base.
- 4. Tabla con el verbo EATPresente: I eat / She eats · Do you eat? / Does she eat? · I don't eat / She doesn't eat. Pasado: I ate · Did you eat? · I didn't eat. Futuro: I will eat · Will you eat? · I won't eat.
- 5. ¿Por qué «Did you went?» es incorrecto?Did ya lleva el pasado, así que el verbo va en base: Did you go? «Went» marcaría el pasado dos veces.
Los pasados irregulares más comunes
0/21Cada tarjeta es el pasado de un verbo. Aprende la forma y úsala en la frase de ejemplo.
Lista completa · 21 elementos
Ver la lista con pronunciación, ejemplos, notas y trucos
| Español | English | Pronunciación | Ejemplo | Nota | Truco |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ser o estar (pasado, yo/él/ella) | was | WUHZ | I was tired yesterday. | Con tú/nosotros/ellos: were. Para preguntar, se invierte: Was she late? | be: was (yo/él/ella) · were (tú/nosotros/ellos). |
| ser o estar (pasado, tú/nosotros/ellos) | were | WER | They were at home. | ||
| tener (pasado) | had | HAED | He had coffee this morning. | Did you have...? vuelve a base. | |
| hacer (pasado, de do) | did | DID | She did her homework. | Do como verbo principal: She did her homework. Do como auxiliar: Did she do it? | |
| decir (pasado) | said | SED | He said hello. | Se escribe «said», pero suena como «sed». | |
| ir (pasado) | went | WENT | I went to school. | Did you go? I didn't go. | |
| conseguir o recibir (pasado) | got | GAT | I got an email. | ||
| hacer o fabricar (pasado) | made | MEID | He made dinner. | ||
| saber o conocer (pasado) | knew | NUU | I knew the answer. | La k no se pronuncia: know y knew empiezan con n. | |
| pensar (pasado) | thought | THAWT | She thought it was great. | Se escribe «ought», suena «awt». La gh no suena. | |
| tomar o llevar (pasado) | took | TUK | She took the bus. | ||
| ver (pasado) | saw | SAW | I saw a movie. | Cuidado: «saw» también significa «sierra». | |
| venir (pasado) | came | KEIM | They came late. | ||
| dar (pasado) | gave | GEIV | She gave me a gift. | ||
| encontrar (pasado) | found | FAUND | I found my keys. | ||
| decir o contar (pasado) | told | TOHLD | He told me a story. | Tell casi siempre lleva a quién (He told me…); say no: He said hello. Excepciones: tell the truth, tell a lie, tell a story. | |
| comer (pasado) | ate | EIT | She ate breakfast. | Suena igual que eight (ocho). | |
| comprar (pasado) | bought | BAWT | I bought new shoes. | ||
| correr (pasado) | ran | RAEN | He ran to the station. | ||
| escribir (pasado) | wrote | ROHT | She wrote me a letter. | ||
| poner (pasado) | put | PUT | I put the keys on the table. | Put no cambia: presente y pasado se escriben igual. Lo sabrás por el contexto. |